Requisitos para adoção de sistemas operacionais embarcados

Embedded systems are part of numerous applications, most of which include real-time or specialized operating systems. The operating system must be chosen taking into account functional and technical characteristics of the embedded product. This paper presents a survey on the main requirements to help determine whether an operating system should be used in an embedded design, further we show how these requirements may be used for assessing the operating system selection.Os sistemas embarcados compõem a grande maioria dos dispositivos eletrônicos. A decisão de usar um sistema operacional é umas das mais importantes em um projeto embarcado. Para auxiliar nestas decisões, este artigo apresenta os principais requisitos que podem ser considerados em um projeto embarcado. Em seguida apresentamos os critérios para decisão sobre o uso ou não de um sistema operacional e os requisitos técnicos e comerciais utilizados na escolha de um sistema operacional embarcado

Método para la evaluación de un microcontrolador de núcleo abierto

La etapa de verifi cación desempeña un papel fundamental en el diseñoe implementación de microcontroladores. Con el fi n de realizar una verificación acertada del diseño, son utilizadas algunas técnicas de verificación funcional tales como: pruebas defi nidas por el diseñador paraverifi car el desempeño ante casos extremos, la simulación a través detestbenches, y la ejecución de aplicaciones extensas. El proyecto propuestoen este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar e implementarun método para la evaluación de un microcontrolador de núcleo abierto,con la realización de pruebas directamente sobre el hardware. Esteenfoque presenta como ventajas, un proceso mucho más rápido queotros métodos que emplean simulaciones y menos requerimiento dememoria para las pruebas. Un Ethernet IP Core ha sido integrado alproyecto, con el fi n de hacer que el método sea independiente del sistemaoperativo, de la arquitectura de microprocesador y de la herramientade diseño

The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA enables cytokinin signaling, and both activate auxin biosynthesis and transport genes at the medial domain of the gynoecium

[EN] Fruits and seeds are the major food source on earth. Both derive from the gynoecium and, therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that guide the development of this organ of angiosperm species. In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium is composed of two congenitally fused carpels, where two domains: medial and lateral, can be distinguished. The medial domain includes the carpel margin meristem (CMM) that is key for the production of the internal tissues involved in fertilization, such as septum, ovules, and transmitting tract. Interestingly, the medial domain shows a high cytokinin signaling output, in contrast to the lateral domain, where it is hardly detected. While it is known that cytokinin provides meristematic properties, understanding on the mechanisms that underlie the cytokinin signaling pattern in the young gynoecium is lacking. Moreover, in other tissues, the cytokinin pathway is often connected to the auxin pathway, but we also lack knowledge about these connections in the young gynoecium. Our results reveal that cytokinin signaling, that can provide meristematic properties required for CMM activity and growth, is enabled by the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) in the medial domain. Meanwhile, cytokinin signaling is confined to the medial domain by the cytokinin response repressor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE 6 (AHP6), and perhaps by ARR16 (a type-A ARR) as well, both present in the lateral domains (presumptive valves) of the developing gynoecia. Moreover, SPT and cytokinin, probably together, promote the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and the gene encoding the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3), likely creating auxin drainage important for gynoecium growth. This study provides novel insights in the spatiotemporal determination of the cytokinin signaling pattern and its connection to the auxin pathway in the young gynoecium.IRO, VMZM, HHU and PLS were supported by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) with a PhD fellowship (210085, 210100, 243380 and 219883, respectively). Work in the SDF laboratory was financed by the CONACyT grants CB-2012-177739, FC-2015-2/1061, and INFR-2015-253504, and NMM by the CONACyT grant CB-2011-165986. SDF, CF and LC acknowledge the support of the European Union FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES project EVOCODE (grant no. 247587) and H2020-MSCARISE-2015 project ExpoSEED (grant no. 691109). SDF also acknowledges the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole for a scholarship for the Gene Regulatory Networks for Development Course 2015 (GERN2015). IE acknowledges the International European Fellowship-METMADS project and the Universita degli Studi di Milano (RTD-A; 2016). Research in the laboratory of MFY was funded by NSF (grant IOS-1121055), NIH (grant 1R01GM112976-01A1) and the Paul D. Saltman Endowed Chair in Science Education (MFY). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Reyes Olalde, J.; Zuñiga, V.; Serwatowska, J.; Chávez Montes, R.; Lozano-Sotomayor, P.; Herrera-Ubaldo, H.; Gonzalez Aguilera, K.... (2017). The bHLH transcription factor SPATULA enables cytokinin signaling, and both activate auxin biosynthesis and transport genes at the medial domain of the gynoecium. PLoS Genetics. 13(4):1-31. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006726S131134Reyes-Olalde, J. I., Zuñiga-Mayo, V. M., Chávez Montes, R. A., Marsch-Martínez, N., & de Folter, S. (2013). Inside the gynoecium: at the carpel margin. Trends in Plant Science, 18(11), 644-655. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.002Alvarez-Buylla, E. 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Requirements for embedded operating systems adoption

Os sistemas embarcados compõem a grande maioria dos dispositivos eletrônicos. A decisão de usar um sistema operacional é umas das mais importantes em um projeto embarcado. Para auxiliar nestas decisões, este artigo apresenta os principais requisitos que podem ser considerados em um projeto embarcado. Em seguida apresentamos os critérios para decisão sobre o uso ou não de um sistema operacional e os requisitos técnicos e comerciais utilizados na escolha de um sistema operacional embarcado.Embedded systems are part of numerous applications, most of which include real-time or specialized operating systems. The operating system must be chosen taking into account functional and technical characteristics of the embedded product. This paper presents a survey on the main requirements to help determine whether an operating system should be used in an embedded design, further we show how these requirements may be used for assessing the operating system selection

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La etapa de verifi cación desempeña un papel fundamental en el diseñoe implementación de microcontroladores. Con el fi n de realizar una verificación acertada del diseño, son utilizadas algunas técnicas de verificación funcional tales como: pruebas defi nidas por el diseñador paraverifi car el desempeño ante casos extremos, la simulación a través detestbenches, y la ejecución de aplicaciones extensas. El proyecto propuestoen este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar e implementarun método para la evaluación de un microcontrolador de núcleo abierto,con la realización de pruebas directamente sobre el hardware. Esteenfoque presenta como ventajas, un proceso mucho más rápido queotros métodos que emplean simulaciones y menos requerimiento dememoria para las pruebas. Un Ethernet IP Core ha sido integrado alproyecto, con el fi n de hacer que el método sea independiente del sistemaoperativo, de la arquitectura de microprocesador y de la herramientade diseño

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La etapa de verifi cación desempeña un papel fundamental en el diseñoe implementación de microcontroladores. Con el fi n de realizar una verificación acertada del diseño, son utilizadas algunas técnicas de verificación funcional tales como: pruebas defi nidas por el diseñador paraverifi car el desempeño ante casos extremos, la simulación a través detestbenches, y la ejecución de aplicaciones extensas. El proyecto propuestoen este trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar e implementarun método para la evaluación de un microcontrolador de núcleo abierto,con la realización de pruebas directamente sobre el hardware. Esteenfoque presenta como ventajas, un proceso mucho más rápido queotros métodos que emplean simulaciones y menos requerimiento dememoria para las pruebas. Un Ethernet IP Core ha sido integrado alproyecto, con el fi n de hacer que el método sea independiente del sistemaoperativo, de la arquitectura de microprocesador y de la herramientade diseño